Thoracic Wall and Pleural Cavities

1. Suspensory ligaments of the breast (Cooper's, retinaculum cutis) - spanning the depth of the breast from skin to deep fascia
2. Lacterferous ducts - converging at the nipple
3. Intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve - left lateral branch of T2 (thought to be involved in referred pain from cardiac sources)
4. Anterior cutaneous nerve - at level of xiphisternal junction
5. External intercostal membrane - immediately related to sternum
6. Internal thoracic artery and vein - on superficial surface of transversus thoracis m. and deep surface of internal intercostal m.
7. Musculocutaneous artery - terminal branch internal thoracic near level of xiphoid process
8. Costotransverse joint - cupped shaped articular surface on transverse process for upper ribs, planar shaped for lower ribs
9. Intercostal nerve - within the neurovascular plane (between innermost intercostal and internal intercostal
10. suprapleural membrane - thickened endothoracic fascia marking the most superior boundary of the pleural cavity

Lungs, Anterior and Middle Mediastinum

Heart

Superior and Posterior Mediastinum

1. Arch of the aorta - brachialcephalic a., left common carotid a., left subclavial a., ligamentum arteriosum
2. Left Phrenic nerve - cross aortic anterior to cardiac nn., anterior to hilum of lung, within endothoracic fascia between fibrous pericardium and fibrous pleura
3. Left vagus nerve - crossing aortic arch inferior to cardiac nn, posterior to hilum of lung
4. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve - on inferior edge of aortic arch, posterior to ligamentum arteriosum, ascending in tracheoesophageal groove
5. Right vagus nerve - crossing trachea deep to arch of the azygos, posterior to hilum of lung, contributing to esophageal plexus
6. Superficial cardiac plexus - lateral surface of aortic arch near ligamentum arteriosum
7. Deep cardiac plexus - anterior surface of bifurcation of trachea
8. Right pulmonary artery - crossing primary bronchi immediately inferior to bifurcation of trachea
9. Arch of the azygos - lateral to trachea, esophagus, right vagus nerve, level of first rib, superior to contents of hilum, inferior phrenic n., medial to lung
10. Esophageal plexus - receiving contributions from right and left vagus nn.
11. Right posterior intercostal artery - crossing anterior aspect of vertebral body, deep to azygos v., deep to thoracic duct
12. Azygos vein - on anterior aspect of vertebral body, anterior to right posterior intercostal aa., posterior to thoracic duct
13. Stellate ganglion - sympathetic trunk ganglion at level of 1st rib
14. Sympathetic trunk ganglion - ant: splanchnic nn., post: rami communicantes, superior: sympathetic trunk, inferior: sympathetic trunk, medial: vertebral body
15. Intercostal nerve - entering thorax through intervertebral foramen, enter intercostal space superficial to subcostal mm
16. Esophagus - anterior to aorta at level of tracheal bifurcation, posterior to tracheal bifurcation, deep to arch of the azygos
17. Sphanchnic nerves - coursing anterior medial and inferior from sympathetic trunk ganglia, 5-9 contributing to greater splanchnic
18. Thoracic duct - anterior to vertebral body, right posterior intercostal a., hemiazygos v., left of azygos vein
19. Rami communicantes - coursing anterior from intercostal n., posterior from sympathetic trunk, lateral posterior surface of vertebral body