Re: Gluteal region I

Comments:
: : 8. Where (vertebral level) would you want to do a spinal tap - and where (vertebral level) would it endanger the spinal cord? : Around L4 is the ideal place to do the spinal tap (between the vertebrae L3/L4 or L4/L5). A spinal tap at vertebral L2 would endanger the spinal cord. : : 9. True or false: The iliac crest is on the same transverse plane as L4? : True : : L2 is at the same transverse plane as the posterior superior iliac spine? : False, L2 is superior to the plane of the PSIS : : The ischial tuberosities are on the same transverse plane as the lesser trochanter of the femur? : True : : 10. What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gluteus maximus? : O - Posterior gluteal line, sacrum/coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament : I - Iliotibial tract / gluteal tuberosity of femur : N - Inferior gluteal nerve : A - Extends thigh / hip, adducts thigh, lateral rotation, used when powerful movement needed (climbing stairs) : : 11. What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gluteus medius? : O - Anterior / posterior gluteal lines : I - Greater trochanter : N - Superior gluteal nerve : A - Abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially : : 12. What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gluteus minimus? : O - Anterior / interior gluteal lines : I - Greater trochanter : N - Superior gluteal nerve : A - Abducts and extends thigh, rotates thigh medially : ** Note that the gluteus medius and minimus can reverse their origin and insertion : : 13. What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superior gemellus? : O - Ischial spine : I - Tendon of obturator internus : N - Nerve of obturator internus : A - Lateral rotator of thigh : : 14. What is the origin, insertion, and action of the inferior gemellus? : O - Ischial tuberosity : I - Tendon of obturator internus : N - Nerve of quadratus femoris : A - Lateral rotator of thigh : : 15. What is the origin, insertion, and action of the obturator internus? : O - Inner surface of obturator foramen : I - Greater trochanter : N - L5-S2 : A - Rotates thigh laterally : **Note that the obturator internus passes though the lesser sciatic foramen : : 16. What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the tensor fascia lata? : O - Iliac crest (ASIS) : I - Iliotibial tract : N - Superior gluteal nerve : A - Flexes hip, rotates thigh medially, abduction : : 17. What is the origin, insertion, and action of the quadratus femoris? : O - Ischial tuberosity : I - Intertrochanteric crest : A - Rotates thigh laterally : : 18. What is the origin, insertion, and action of the piriformis? : O - Anterior surface of the sacrum between S2-S4 : I - Greater trochanter : N - Spinal nerves S1 and S2 : **Note that the piriformis passes through the greater sciatic foramen : : 19. Discuss why the piriformis muscle is called the "gateway to the gluteal region and lower extremity". : It is called this because the piriformis runs through the greater sciatic foramen and carries many structures with it that are of importance to the lower extremity : As listed - : Superior: the superior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve : Inferior: the inferior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve, sciatic nerve, internal pudendal artery and vein, pudendal nerve, and the nerve to obturator internus : Many muscles can also be easily located by using the piriformis as a guide: : -The superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, and the quadratus femoris (listed from superior to inferior) is inferior to the piriformis : - The gluteus maximus is superficially superior, lateral, and inferior to the piriformis. : - The gluteus medius and minimus are superior and lateral to the piriformis. : : 20. What structures go through the greater sciatic foramen and enter into the lesser sciatic foramen? : The pudendal nerves, artery, vein, and the nerve to the obturator internus. The tendon of the obturator internus also passes through the lesser sciatic foramen, but it did not originate from the greater sciatic foramen (the origin of the obturator internus is on the posterior obturator foramen).

Link URL:  
Link Title:
Image URL: