Posted by CB on August 17, 2011 at 19:31:14:
In Reply to: Questions for the Lungs and Anterior/Middle Mediastinum posted by lae2 on August 17, 2011 at 14:37:00:
: Questions for the Lungs and Anterior/Middle Mediastinum
: These questions were not submitted by the lecturer.
: True/False Questions - August 17, 2011
: 1. The trachea bifurcates into secondary main bronchi on the posterior surface of the second thoracic vertebra. False- at T4
IT IS MARKED INTERNALLY BY A VERY VERY IMPORTANT RIDGE CALLED THE CARINA!!!
This separates the opening of the two primary bronchi. This incredible little structure is not on list of terms but should be added.
: 2. The right main bronchus is more vertical than the left main bronchus owing to the positioning of the heart. This is true- it is also shorter but wider!
: 3. The oblique fissure of the right lung has surface projections to T3 T5 6th rib. True- but on the left it is slightly lower. Also, I think the oblique fissure extends to rib 5 not T 5.
: 4. The horizontal fissure of the right lung has surface projections to T4 and to rib 4.
: 5. In general, the A/P topography is artery, vein, bronchi for the lungs. I would disagree- the superior pulmonary vein is more anterior than the pulmonary artery though inferior. The bronchus is definately most posterior though.
: 6. Cradled by the leaflets of the pulmonary ligament at the inferior extent is a pulmonary vein. True-
: 7. The arch of the azygos vein is impressed upon the left lung. False- The azygous supplies the right side of the posterior intercostal veins (but only numbers five through eleven.
: 8. Primary bronchi define the bronchopulmonary segments.False- this is tertiary bronchi, lung tissue and a pulmonary artery.
: 9. The second order bronchus, pulmonary vein, and lung tissue define a bronchopulmonary segment. False- it is third order!
: 10. The bronchial arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. This is false- the bronchial arterties arise from the descending aorta. This carries oxygenated blood.
: 11. The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. This is also false- these veins actually carry oxygenated blood.
: 12. The lungs are said to follow expansion of the thoracic wall by the properties of surface tension. FALSE- the forces acting on teh two surfaces is normally pulling the chest wall and lunch way from each other. Air pressure keeps the two walls together!
: 13. Air rushing into the thoracic cavity, but not the pleural cavity, leads to pneumothorax. False- pneumothorax is air in that precious potential space.
: 14. The costotranverse joints of the upper ribs are cup shaped and the constotransverse joints of the lower ribs are planar. This is true- which is why the lower ribs of 7-12 cannot undergo the pump handle. The planar tubercle permits a more outward sliding of these lower ribs to expand transversely.
: 15. The true ribs articulate DIRECTLY with the sternum. False- they are articulate with cartilage that articulates with the sternum? Hence the term costochondral?
: 16. The movement of the upper six ribs is similar to the movements of a pump handle with the sternum being the pump handle. True- which expand Anteriorly posteriorly.
: 17. During inspiration the lower ribs slide laterally at the costotransverse joint.Undecided- The tubercle of these does not ROTATE but rather rides up and down on the transverse process. This moves it posteriorly and medially when elevated. I guess false?
: 18. The vertical movement of thoracic expansion is mediated by the diaphragm. This is true. It is innervated by the phrenic nerve, C4. Hiccough.
: 19. The vertical movement of thoracic expansion is limited by pregnancy. This is true- in children, the diaphragm actually does the majority of the work.
: 20. A costovertebral joint includes two vertebral bodies, an intervertebral disc, and the head of a rib. This is true- The interverebral disc is between thetwo costal facets.
: 21. The costochondral joint is fibrous and the sternochondral joint is synovial. True? The sternochondral joints are synovial on ribs 2-7? I am not 100% on this answer. Gray's says that the cartilage and bone are continuous in the costochondral.
: 22. The lingula is a tongue like projection of the upper lobe of the right lung that lies immediately deep to the sternochondral joint of the right 6th rib. Nope- it is in the left lung, but is in the upper lobe.