Posted by mgf127 on August 18, 2011 at 00:05:05:
In Reply to: Questions for the Introduction to Thorax posted by lae2 on August 16, 2011 at 16:14:21:
True/False - August 16, 2011
1. The lactiferous ducts are a specialization of cutis retinacula.
False葉he lactiferous ducts are derived from sweat glands
Cutis retinacula, or suspensory ligaments, are developed from connective tissue stroma
2. The anterior thoracic artery is applied to the posterior surface of the brachiocephalic vein.
True
3. The first rib and the clavicle both articulate with the xiphoid process.
False葉he xiphoid process is located at the bottom of the sternum away from both the first rib and the clavicle
4. The jugular notch defines, in part, the thoracic outlet.
False
5. The body of the sternum, on an A/P projection, is superimposed on the the apex of the heart.
False預pex is on the bottom left side
6. The jugular notch is at the A/P projection to T4.
False祐ternal angle (angle of louie) is at the level of T4
7. The costal margin consists of cartilage that articulates with the distal ends of rib 7-10.
True
8. The most inferior extent of the costal margin is at the same S/I level as the third lumbar vertebra.
True
9. The fiber direction of the external intercostal membrane is from superior/lateral to inferior/medial.
True
10. The fiber direction of the internal intercostal muscle at the chondral cartilages is superior/medial to inferior/lateral.
True
11. The deep surface of the innermost intercostal muscles are lined by endothoracic fascia.
True
12. Despite blockage of the aorta at the ligamentum arteriosum (coarctation), blood continues to flow in the descending aorta.
True葉hrough the internal thoracic artery and internal intercostal artery (like running a city water supply through a garden hose)
13. Posterior intercostal arteries arise from the internal intercostal artery.
False用osterior intercostal arteries arise from the aorta
14. Anterior intercostal arteries arise from the ascending aorta.
False葉hey arise from the internal thoracic artery
15. The collateral circulation of the thoracic wall defines an arterial shunt across the thoracic descending aorta.
True
16. The hilum of the lung is a point of invagination "into" the pleural cavity.
True
17. The lung is located in the thoracic cavity, but not in the pleural cavity.
True葉he pleural cavity is the space between the parietal layer and the visceral pleura, the lungs are not in it
18. Endothoracic fascia provides adherence of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura to the suprapleural membrane.
False葉hey are at anterior and inferior ends of the lungs
19. The mesothelial layer of parietal pleura faces into the pleural cavity.
True
20. The visceral layer of pleura has a mesothelial layer, but not a fibrous layer.
True
21. A pneumothorax happens when the endothoracic fails to secure the visceral pleura to the thoracic wall.
False熔ccurs when air is introduced into the pleural cavity
22. The parietal pleura becomes redundant at the costodiaphragmatic recess.
False葉hese recesses are important in changing lung volume when breathing
23. The subcostal muscles define, in part, the inner (deep) surface of the neurovascular plane for the intercostal vessels and nerves.
True葉he neurovascular bundles associated with the intercostal spaces pass around the thoracic wall in the costal grooves in a plane between the intercostal muscles and the subcostales
24. The posterior intercostal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.
False葉he posterior intercostal veins drain directly into the azygous vein
25. The subcostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, and transversus thoracis muscles define the deep wall of the neurovascular plane.
True
26. The internal intercostal muscle defines the superficial wall of the neurovascular plane.
True
27. False ribs connect directly to the xiphoid process..
False葉hey connect to the xiphoid process through the costal margin, which connects above the xiphoid process
28. Costochondral joints are syndesmoses and sternochondral joints are synovial.
False
29. Intervening between the left and right pleural cavities is the mediastinum.
True
30. The costomediastinal recess defines a location where paracentesis (access to the pericardial sac with a hypodermic needle) avoids puncturing the pleural cavity.
False用aracentesis is ususally performed on the costodiaphragmatic recess
31. The A/P projection from the sternal angle to the L4 vertebra defines the inferior boundary of the superior mediastinum.
False
32. A projection from the sternal angle to the T1 vertebra defines the superior boundary of the superior mediastinum.
True