Re: True/False Clinical Correlate II - Lower Extremity and Thorax

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: : True/False Clinical Correlate II - Lower Extremity and Thorax : : These questions were not submitted by the lecturer : : 1. Transatlantic flights and video games may lead to pulmonary embolism. : TRUE. Transantlantic flights and videogames have in common the fact that they are essentially sedentary activities; pulmonary embolisms can be a result of deep vein thrombosis, which is a condition in which a clot forms in one of the deep veins of the leg (hence the name), and then can travel through the venous system to other, more life-threatening parts of the body. : : 2. Bursitis may occur at the knee or hip joint. : TRUE. Bursitis, which is an inflammation of a synovial capsule, can occur in any synovial joint. The most common locations for bursitis are the hip, shoulder, and elbow. : : 3. The genicular anastomosis provides collateral circulation across the ankle joint. : FALSE. The genicular anastamosis provides collateral circulation across the knee joint, not the ankle joint. : : 4. The malleolar anastomosis provides collateral circulation across the hip joint. : FALSE. The malleolar anastomosis provides collateral circulation across the ankle joint, not the hip joint. : : 5. The suprapatellar bursa, but not the prepatellar bursa, is a diverticulum of the synovial cavity of the knee. : TRUE. The prepatellar bursa, which sits superficial to the patella, is not a part of the synovial capsule of the knee, whereas the suprapatellar bursa is an extension of the synovial capsule of the knee which extends superiorly above and deep to the patella. : : 6. The blood supply to lung tissue is by the pulmonary veins. : FALSE. The blood supply to the lung tissue is by the bronchial arteries. : : 7. The blood supply to lung tissue is by the bronchial veins. : FALSE. The blood supply to lung tissue is by the bronchial arteries. : : 8. Enlarged pulmonary nodes may compress structures at the hilum of the lung (be careful). : FALSE. The main lymph nodes to which the subsegmental, segmental, lobar and interlobar lymphatics drain are called the hilar nodes; as these nodes are located in the hilum of the lung, expansion or swelling of these nodes could potentially compress the structures of the hilum. : : 9. Bronchial arteries to the left lung are derived from the descending aorta. : TRUE. The origin of the left bronchial arteries is from the thoracic (descending) aorta. : : 10. A pulmonary embolism may raise right ventricular pressure. : TRUE. If the pulmonary arteries are occluded (leading to lowered oxygen perfusion of the blood returning from the lungs), the right ventricle will overcompensate for the lack of perfusion by beating faster, and the pressure will increase. We would like to think that this has something to do with “vagus,” but then, we’re just MS1s. : : 11. Bradycardia paired with chest pain may indicate a vagal nerve disturbance triggered by the sinuatrial node. : TRUE. Given that reduction of the heartrate is primarily directed by the sinuatrial node, and that the innervation of the sinuatrial node comes from the vagus nerve, it would follow that a disturbance to the vagus nerve could manifest itself in the form of bradycardia and chest pain. As to whether the sinuatrial node can trigger a vagal nerve disturbance, we aren’t entirely sure. : : 12. A build up of fluid in the pericardial cavity may compress the heart and decrease filling of the heart chambers. : TRUE. In a pericardial effusion, fluid fills the pericardium. Since the pericardium is fibrous and non-extensible, the fluid places additional pressure on the heart. If enough pressure builds up, the heart may stop beating all together. : : 13. Pericardical centesis is performed at the right side of the xiphoid process. : FALSE. Pericardical centesis is performed on the left side of the xiphoid process, not the right, due to the orietation and positioning of the heart within the middle mediastinum. : : 14. The sternochondral joints, but not the costochondral joints, are synovial. : FALSE. The sternochondral joints are are synovial for ribs 2-7, and the costochondral joints between the ribs and costal cartilages of the sixth and ninth ribs are additionally synovial. : : 15. The costotransverse joints, but not the costovertebral joints, are synovial. : FALSE. Both the costotransverse and costovertebral joints are planar-type synovial joints which facilitate a gliding motion of the ribs in relation to the vertebrae. : : 16. The esophagus may become compressed at the right main bronchus. : FALSE. The right main bronchus does not run anteriorly to the esophagus, and thus the esophagus would be unlikely to become compressed at the right main bronchus. : : 17. The costophrenic angle refers to a topography of the costodiaphragmatic recess. : TRUE. The angle formed by the inferolateral margins of the diaphragm in relation to the inferolateral border of the costal margin (inferior edge of the ribs) is referred to as the costophrenic angle. : Dr. Evey, any and all contributions or corrections would be immensely appreciated! Thanks again for all the help.

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