Re: Questions for the Superior and Posterior Mediastinum, and the Autonomic Nervous System

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: : Questions for the Superior and Posterior Mediastinum, and the Autonomic Nervous System : : These questions were not submitted by the lecturer. : : True/False - August 22, 2011 : : 1. Collectively, the central nervous system plus the peripheral nervous system equals the nervous system. : F - +autonomic : : 2. The autonomic nervous system includes a preganglionic neuron located in the central nervous system and postganglionic neuron located in the peripheral nervous system. : T : : 3. Afferent nerves are said to affect the contraction of muscles and efferent neurons are said to effect our sensations and perceptions. : F - reverse that (afferent~sensory, efferent~motor) and change nerve to "neurons," since most nerves have both components. : : 4. Neural circuits in the spinal cord may effect reflexive movement without volitional control. : T : : 5. Reflexively withdrawing your hand from a hot stove minimizes tissue damage relative to if you had to "think" about withdrawing your hand of your own volition. : T : : 6. The autonomic nervous system operates outside of volition. : T - in general. : : 7. Despite that autonomic reflexes are common, the afferent side of the reflex arc is not, by definition, part of the autonomic nervous system. : T : : 8. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has shorter postganglionic fibers than does the sympathetic division of the autonomic system. : T : : 9. The thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia host cell bodies belonging to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. : F - sympathetic : : 10. The splanchnic nerves of the posterior mediastinum pass from the thorax into the abdominopelvic cavity. : T : : 11. The dorsal root ganglion hosts preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. : F - aren't these in the lateral grey horn? : : 12. Dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord converge to from a spinal nerve. : T : : 13. The distal termination of a spinal nerve is into ventral and dorsal rami. : F - is the distal point where the neurons terminate (eg - on a motor end plate?) and the proximal termination in the ventral and dorsal root? : : 14. Communicating between the sympathetic trunk ganglia and the intercostal nerves are ventral and dorsal rami. : F - white and grey rami? : : 15. Surgical disruption of the gray rami communicantes of thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia is a treatment for excessive sweating of the hands. : T : : 16. Surgical disruption of the white rami communicantes of thoracic sympathetic trunk disrupts autonomic functions to viscera of the abdominopelvic cavity. : T : : 17. The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves terminate at the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia. : F - least goes to aorticorenal : : 18. The proximal to distal orientation of the greater splanchnic nerve is inferior, medial and anterior. : ?? - they start at T5 - 9, run down next to the vertebral column through the diaphragm to the celiac ganglia superficial to the descending aorta. Wouldn't this make it running inferior, medial, anterior? : : 19. The vagus nerve conveys preganglionic neuronal fibers into the thorax and abdominopelvic cavity. : T : : 20. The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system refers to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. : F - parasympathetic, since preganglionic fibers arise in the cranial and scaral regions of the CNS. : : 21. The thoracic and abdominal viscera have parasympathetic postganglionic cell bodies located in intrinsic ganglia. : T : : 22. The deep cardiac plexus is located on the anterior surface of the trachea at the bifurcation into main bronchi. : T : : 23. The superficial cardiac plexus is applied to the arch of the aorta near to the ligamentum arteriosum. : T : : 24. Diaphragmatic breathing is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. : F - although regulation of rhythmic breathing is not under conscious control : : 25. The parietal pleura, but not the visceral pleura, has sensation mediated by the somatic nervous system. : T : : 26. Pleurisy irritates both visceral and somatic afferent nerve fibers. : F? - the visceral nerve fibers sense distension, contraction, and ischemia. Pleurisy causes a only a friction rub, which is related to the touch sensation, which only somatic afferent fibers can sense. : : 27. The cell bodies that serve visceral pain of the heart are located in the dorsal root ganglia of T1-4. (This is true) : T, I guess. : : 28. Embarrassment of the heart activates visceral fibers that share the same dorsal root ganglia as somatic fibers that provide sensation of the medial arm. : T : : 29. Visceral "pain" refers along dermatomal representations. : T : : 30. The azygous system mediates venous drainages of the thoracic cavity. : F - the thoracic duct does most of it, which dumps into the left brachiocephalic vein. The upper right is collected by the right lymphatic duct which dumps into the right subclavian vein : : 31. Right posterior intercostal spaces 1-2 drain into the arch of the azygous. : F? - The supreme intercostal drains into the brachiocephalic, and the 2nd/3rd/4th intercostal veins combine to form the right superior intercostal that drains into the azygos? : : 32. The left superior intercostal vein drains into the arch of the azygous. : F - it usually drains into the left brachiocephalic, but can go to the accessory hemiazygos. Definitely not the azygos. : : 33. The ductus arteriosus shunts the pulmonary and aortic arteries during fetal development and, post-partum, obliterates as the ligamentum arteriosum. : T : : 34. The thoracic duct crosses the posterior surface of the right posterior intercostal arteries. : T?? - The plates in my copy Netter make it appear that the thoracic duct is on the left side, immediately medial and posterior to the descending aorta. Since the descending aorta is the source of the right posterior intercostal arteries, it would seem that they would have to run anterior to the duct. Anyone else have a better picture? : : 35. In the case of coarctation of the aorta there is a reversal of blood flow in the left subclavian artery. : F - Usually the coarctication happens distally to the left subclavian branch, increasing the pressure in that branch in the normal direction of blood flow and enlarging the lumen of that branch.

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