Posted by Kevin Rakszawski on September 25, 2009 at 23:44:22:
In Reply to: Back: True/False Part I posted by lae2 on September 22, 2009 at 15:44:28:
1. The anterior longitudinal ligament forms, in part, the anterior boundary of the spinal canal.
FALSE – the posterior longitudinal ligament is the anterior boundary
2. The superior and inferior vertebral notches form intervertebral foramina.
TRUE
3. The anterior longitudinal ligament resists flexion of the back.
FALSE – the anterior longitudinal ligament resists extension of the back
4. The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the arachnoidia.
FALSE – the denticulate ligaments are extensions of pia mater
5. The filum terminalis externus is derived from dura mater whereas the filum terminalis internus is derived from arachnoidia.
TRUE – but Gray’s says “is continued within” or “fuses” instead of derived
6. The dural sac extends inferiorly to the level of the 2nd and maybe 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
FALSE – the dural sac extends to the level of S2
7. The internal anterior vertebral venous plexus is within the epidural fat.
TRUE – according to plate 159 in Netter’s
8. The posterior vertebral venous plexus is within the subarachnoid space.
FALSE
9. The internal vertebral venous plexus is valveless and, thus, provides part of a pathway for spread of infection from the ischiorectal fossa to the cranium.
TRUE – they are definitely valveless and I am assuming they provide a pathway for spread of infection, as occurs in meningitis
10. The external vertebral venous plexus is demonstrated during dissection of the suboccipital region.
FALSE
11. The spinal cord relies, in part, on radicular arteries for critical vascularization.
TRUE – see Netter’s plate 157
12. The intermediate muscles of the back are innervated by the long thoracic nerve.
FALSE – serratus posterior inferior is innervated by ventral rami of T9-12; serratus posterior superior is innervated by intercostals nerves 2-5
13. Serratus posterior superioris pulls the upper ribs in the superior direction and is, thus, a muscle of inspiration.
TRUE
14. Serratus posterior inferioris pulls the lower ribs downward and, thus, is a muscle of inspiration.
FALSE – serratus posterior inferior is a muscle of forced expiration
15. Paralysis of the rhomboids (dorsal scapular nerve) and the trapezius (spinal accessory nerve) is expected cause uncompenstated loss of retraction of the scapula.
FALSE
16. Latissumus dorsi, a powerful extensor of the arm, can act as a flexor when the arm is fully extended.
TRUE
17. The transversospinal group of muscles are innervated by the dorsal rami (segmental) of spinal nerves.
TRUE
18. The action of levator scapular is to depress the scapula.
FALSE – elevates the scapula
19. The thoracolumbar fascia provides a site of origin for the rhomboids and the levator scapula.
FALSE – provides origin for latissimus dorsi
20. The longissimus muscle extends as far superiorly as the mastoid process of the skull.
TRUE – the longissimus capitis arises from the posterior edge of the mastoid process
21. Iliocostalis attaches to the ribs along the costotransverse joints.
TRUE – Gray’s says that iliocostalis inserts onto the ribs at their angles; not sure if this is equivalent to the costotransverse joints