Re: Back: True/False Part I

Comments:
: Also... a comment on number 5. According to Hollinshead, the filum terminale internus is a continuation of the pia mater, not the arachnoidia, so I believe that the answer to number 5 is FALSE. It is correct though, that the filum terminale externus is a continuation of the dura mater. : : 1. The anterior longitudinal ligament forms, in part, the anterior boundary of the spinal canal. : : FALSE – the posterior longitudinal ligament is the anterior boundary : : 2. The superior and inferior vertebral notches form intervertebral foramina. : : TRUE : : 3. The anterior longitudinal ligament resists flexion of the back. : : FALSE – the anterior longitudinal ligament resists extension of the back : : 4. The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the arachnoidia. : : FALSE – the denticulate ligaments are extensions of pia mater : : 5. The filum terminalis externus is derived from dura mater whereas the filum terminalis internus is derived from arachnoidia. : : TRUE – but Gray’s says “is continued within” or “fuses” instead of derived : : 6. The dural sac extends inferiorly to the level of the 2nd and maybe 3rd lumbar vertebrae. : : FALSE – the dural sac extends to the level of S2 : : 7. The internal anterior vertebral venous plexus is within the epidural fat. : : TRUE – according to plate 159 in Netter’s : : 8. The posterior vertebral venous plexus is within the subarachnoid space. : : FALSE : : 9. The internal vertebral venous plexus is valveless and, thus, provides part of a pathway for spread of infection from the ischiorectal fossa to the cranium. : : TRUE – they are definitely valveless and I am assuming they provide a pathway for spread of infection, as occurs in meningitis : : 10. The external vertebral venous plexus is demonstrated during dissection of the suboccipital region. : : FALSE : : 11. The spinal cord relies, in part, on radicular arteries for critical vascularization. : : TRUE – see Netter’s plate 157 : : 12. The intermediate muscles of the back are innervated by the long thoracic nerve. : : FALSE – serratus posterior inferior is innervated by ventral rami of T9-12; serratus posterior superior is innervated by intercostals nerves 2-5 : : 13. Serratus posterior superioris pulls the upper ribs in the superior direction and is, thus, a muscle of inspiration. : : TRUE : : 14. Serratus posterior inferioris pulls the lower ribs downward and, thus, is a muscle of inspiration. : : FALSE – serratus posterior inferior is a muscle of forced expiration : : 15. Paralysis of the rhomboids (dorsal scapular nerve) and the trapezius (spinal accessory nerve) is expected cause uncompenstated loss of retraction of the scapula. : : FALSE : : 16. Latissumus dorsi, a powerful extensor of the arm, can act as a flexor when the arm is fully extended. : : TRUE : : 17. The transversospinal group of muscles are innervated by the dorsal rami (segmental) of spinal nerves. : : TRUE : : 18. The action of levator scapular is to depress the scapula. : : FALSE – elevates the scapula : : 19. The thoracolumbar fascia provides a site of origin for the rhomboids and the levator scapula. : : FALSE – provides origin for latissimus dorsi : : 20. The longissimus muscle extends as far superiorly as the mastoid process of the skull. : : TRUE – the longissimus capitis arises from the posterior edge of the mastoid process : : 21. Iliocostalis attaches to the ribs along the costotransverse joints. : : TRUE – Gray’s says that iliocostalis inserts onto the ribs at their angles; not sure if this is equivalent to the costotransverse joints

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