Re: Flexor Region of the Forearm: True/False

Comments:
: Hmm I see what you mean. Let's try to get Dr. Evey to confirm this. : : : For #4, I think the issue is what precisely Dr. Evey means by "Passing posterior to the free edge of the flexor digitorum superficialis..." because if he just means in general, then of course the anterior IO branch passes posterior to it. But if he means that it intimately passes posterior to the free edge then there's no way that it is true. I tend to side with the latter, as otherwise you could have a question such as "The thoracic duct passes posterior to rectus abdominis." It does, but that doesn't tell you a whole lot. : : ~Dave : : : Here is what I have so far...still working on the rest: : : : 1. Flexor carpi ulnaris shares an attachment with the abductor digiti minimi. : : : TRUE: abductor digiti minimi of the hand originates at the same location as the insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris, which is the pisiform bone. : : : 2. Passing between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris is the inferior ulnar collateral artery. : : : The two heads of origin of flexor carpi ulnaris are: : : : 1. Humeral head: at the common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, anterior side. : : : 2. Ulnar head: at the medial margin of olecranon and the posterior surface of the ulna. : : : The inferior ulnar collateral artery lies on the anterior surface of the humerus, and branches off from the brachial artery slightly lateral to the medial supracondylar ridge, and anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery at the base of the coronoid fossa (which is the place for articulation of coronoid process of the ulna). : : : FALSE: the inferior ulnar collateral artery runs too laterally from any of the origins of the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. : : : 3. Passing between the heads of origin of the pronator teres is the median nerve and the brachial artery. : : : The two heads of orgin of pronator teres are: : : : 1. Humeral head: CFT and medial supracondylar ridge (larger head) : : : 2. Ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process (very thin and fiber-like) : : : Median nerve definitely passes between the 2 heads of origin of pronator teres. : : : The brachial artery: No, because the brachial artery splits into radial and ulnar arteries between the coronoid fossa and radial fossa, therefore before it even reaches the ulnar head of the pronator teres it is no longer the brachial artery. : : : Thus, only half the statement would be FALSE. : : : 4. Passing posterior to the free edge of the flexor digitorum superficialis is the anterior interosseous nerve. : : : TRUE: The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve and splits from it at the inferior free border of the pronator teres muscle. Then it runs slightly deeper passing posterior to the free edge of FDS, to innervate the flexor pollicus longus, the lateral half of flexor digitorum profunda, and pronator quadratus. : : : 5. Tethering of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons permit superficialis to flex the distal interphalangeal joint. : : : TRUE: because profundus inserts at the distal phanlanges and superficialis inserts at the middle phalanges, so tethering the 2 would allow the distal interphalangeal joint to be flexed. : : : 6. The medial two heads of the flexor digitorum profundus are innervated by the median nerve whereas the lateral two heads are innervated by the radial nerve. : : : FALSE: the medial 2 heads of FDF is innervated by the ulnar nerve and the later 2 heads are innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. : : : 7. A lesion of the median and ulnar nerves within the axilla causes uncompensated loss of flexion at the elbow. : : : FALSE: we still have musculocutaneous n. to innervate biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, axillary n to innervate the deltoid, radial n to innervate the brachioradialis. : : : 8. Lesions of the median, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves within the axilla result in uncompensated loss of flexion at the elbow. : : : FALSE: we will still have axillary n to deltoid, and radial n to brachioradialis to flex at elbow. : : : : Flexor Region of the Forearm: True/False : : : : These questions were not submitted by the author. : : : : 1. Flexor carpi ulnaris shares an attachment with the abductor digiti minimi. : : : : 2. Passing between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris is the inferior ulnar collateral artery. : : : : 3. Passing between the heads of origin of the pronator teres is the median nerve and the brachial artery. : : : : 4. Passing posterior to the free edge of the flexor digitorum superficialis is the anterior interosseous nerve. : : : : 5. Tethering of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons permit superficialis to flex the distal interphalangeal joint. : : : : 6. The medial two heads of the flexor digitorum profundus are innervated by the median nerve whereas the lateral two heads are innervated by the radial nerve. : : : : 7. A lesion of the median and ulnar nerves within the axilla causes uncompensated loss of flexion at the elbow. : : : : 8. Lesions of the median, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves within the axilla result in uncompensated loss of flexion at the elbow. : : : : 9. A complete lesion of the ulnar nerve at the ulnar groove results in an abducted and extended position of the wrist. : : : : 10. Passing lateral to the pisiform bone and then medial to the hook of the hamate are the ulnar nerve and artery. : : : : 11. Compression of structures within the carpal tunnel are expected to weaken the hypothenar muscles. : : : : 12. Medial attachments of the flexor retinaculum include the pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate. : : : : 13. Lateral attachments of the flexor retinaculum include the scaphoid tubercle and the trapezoid bone. : : : : 14. The most distal skeletomotor distribution of the posterior interosseous nerve is the pronator quadratus. : : : : 15. The median nerve is separated from the anterior interosseous nerve by the muscle belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis. : : : : 16. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris orginates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and courses posterior to the flexor retinaculum. : : : : 17. Pronator teres is considered to be a deep flexor of the forearm : : : : 18. Palmaris Longus helps to tense the palmar aponeurosis, flexes the hand, and extends the forearm. : : : : 19. Flexor Carpi Radialis is included in the carpal tunnel. : : : : 20. The ulnar nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris then courses deep to flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus. : : : : 21. The superficial branch of the radial nerve is anterior to pronator teres and deep to flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis. : : : : 22. Entrapment of the median nerve between the two heads of pronator teres with cause an inability to pronate the forearm. : : : : 23. As the median nerve courses distally in the forearm it is located anterior to flexor digitorum superficialis. : : : : 24. Flexor digitorum superficialis inserts on the sides of the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5. : : : : 25. All of the muscles in the flexor region of the forearm are innervated by the median nerve or anterior interosseus nerve. : : : : 26. The anterior interosseus artery courses anterior to pronator quadratus. : : : : 27. The anterior ulnar recurrent artery courses between brachialis and pronator teres to anastomose with inferior ulnar collateral artery. : : : : 28. The radial recurrent artery is located within the cubital fossa. : : : : 29. A complete lesion of the ulnar nerve at the ulnar groove will cause the wrist to be partially extended and partially abducted (radially deviated). : : : : 30. The pronator teres has a humeral head of origin and a radial head of origin. : : : : 31. The interosseus recurrent artery will course through supinator and lie deep to anconeus. : : : : 32. The ulnar nerve is located in the carpal tunnel. : : : : 33. The flexor pollicus longus flexes the thumb as well as assisting in abduction of the hand at the wrist. : : : : 34. The pronator quadratus' primary action is pronation, however is can "switch" origin and insertion and act as a supinator with the forearm and hand are fully pronated. : : : : 35. The flexor digitorum profundus can flex the DIP, PIP, and MP joints as well as assisting in flexion of the hand at the wrist. ---+++ Essay : : : : 36. Discuss the flexor region of the forearm. Include contents, compartments, relationships, boundaries, fascial specializations, vascularization, innervation, lymphatics, muscles and movements, and compensation in the case of nerve injury.

Link URL:  
Link Title:
Image URL: