Human Gross Anatomy - Review Questions for Lower Limb and Thorax

Day 1 - Introduction to the Lower Limb


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  1. The saphenous hiatus transmits veins superior, inferior, medial, lateral, posterior, and anterior. Account for these veins. You might conclude that the great vein passing posterior is the same as the great vein that is passing anterior. The "direction" of a vein is suggested by either the direction of venus return or by the proximal/distal anatomy of the vein. In fact, all of the aforementioned veins have an anterior projection as they leave the femoral triangle by way of the saphenous hiatus to arrive at the tela subcutanea (proximal to distal). You could just as well state that the aforementioned veins have a posterior projection as they leave the tela subcutanea by way of the saphenous hiatus to arrive at the femoral triangle (direction of venous return). I propose that the best solution is to use proximal to distal terminology. Does this confusion pertain to arteries? Why or why not?

  2. The dorsal surface of the foot faces the ventral surface of the trunk. How can this be?

  3. A projectile enters the ventrum of the trunk, passes through the abdominopelvic cavity, and exits from the dorsum of the trunk. At what point did the direction of the penetration change from superficial/deep to deep/superficial? Was the projectile always passing from anterior to posterior?

  4. In light of the previous question, discuss the ambiguity of "behind," "in front of," "below," "on top of," "over," "roof," and "floor."

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