Human Gross Anatomy - Review Questions for Lower Limb and Thorax

Day 2 - Anterior and Medial Thigh

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  1. Why might a radiologist become annoyed if a colleague is imprecise in using (or failing to use) the terms thigh, leg, foot, and lower extremity?

  2. During flexion of the hip the thigh moves anterior whereas during flexion of the knee the leg moves posterior. Thus, it appears that flexion denotes movement that is in the opposite direction at these joints. Is there an organising principle that makes sense of this?

  3. Whenever a muscle crosses a joint it acts at that joint. The sartorius muscle crosses two joints; the hip joint and the knee joint. Discuss the primary, secondary, and tertiary actions of sartorius at the hip joint and the primary action of sartorius at the knee joint. Sartorius is known as the "tailor's muscle." Why?

  4. Bony tubercles are shaped during life by the mechanical stresses applied to the bone. What might be inferred about the life of an individual with a large lesser trochanter compared to the life of an individual with a small lesser trochanter? A small tibial tuberosity versus a large tibial tuberosity?

  5. Flexion has been defined as the approximation of two ventral surfaces. Does flexion of the hip and flexion of the knee agree with this "embryological" definition of flexion? Explain?

  6. Discuss the lateral and medial relations of the iliopectineal arch. Be prepared to account for the ant/post and sup/inf relations.

  7. How might a chronic femoral hernia promote the formation of varicose veins?

  8. Discuss the immediate relations of the femoral ring. Account for 6 directions - ant/post, med/lat, and sup/inf. Your discussion of relations should start with the most salient relations and then elaborate a bit further. Relate sup/inf to named spaces (cavities and canals in this case).

  9. Discuss the relations (6 directions) of the apex of the femoral triangle. Similar to the femoral ring, the most salient relations for sup/inf are argueably a space and a canal.

  10. The femoral ring provides a communication between the _______________ cavity and the _____________ canal. The adductor canal provides a communication between the ____________ triangle and the ______________ fossa.

  11. What artery(s) leave the femoral triangle passing between the iliopsoas and the pectineus? Between pectineus and adductor longus? Between rectus femoris and vastus intermedius (after passing deep to sartorius)? Through the adductor canal? What artery enters the femoral triangle through the vascular lacuna?

  12. From Hollinshead page 361. The adductor "canal transmits the saphenous n. and the n. to vastus medialis." Do you agree with the word "transmits?" Does the adductor canal transmit the femoral artery?
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