Human Gross Anatomy - Review Questions for Lower Limb and Thorax

Day 3 - Gluteal Region

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  1. The greater sciatic foramen provides an osseofibrous communication between the (blank) cavity and the (blank) region. The lesser sciatic foramen provides an osseofibrous communication between the (blank) region and the (blank) fossa.

  2. The superior gluteal nerve leaves the (blank) cavity passing throught the (blank) foramen opposed to the superior surface of the (blank) muscle. Within the (blank) region, the superior gluteal nerve courses laterally on the anterior surface of the (blank) muscle and on the posterior surface of the (blank) muscle. Extending further laterally, the superior gluteal nerve provides its most distal innervation to the (blank) muscle. Discuss a key anatomical difference between the distribution of the superior gluteal nerve and the distribution of the superior gluteal artery.

  3. The pudendal nerve leaves the (blank) cavity passing through the (blank) foramen inferior to the (blank) muscle. In the gluteal region the pudendal nerve courses inferior along the posterior surfaces of the (blank) muscle, (blank) ligament, and (blank) spine. The pudendal nerve leaves the (blank) region passing through the (blank) foramen to the (blank) fossa. Within the (blank) fossa, the pudendal nerve courses along the (blank) edge on the medial wall of the (blank) tuberosity in an osseofibrous passageway known as the (blank) canal.

  4. The greater sciatic foramen shares its inferior boundary with the superior boundary of the lesser sciatic foramen by way of the (blank) ligament.

  5. The embryological determination of origin and insertion relies on proximal/distal anatomy. What is the embryological origin of the gluteus medius? What is the functional origin of the gluteus medius when the opposite lower limb is not planted during standing or walking?

  6. The obturator internus has an origin within the (blank) cavity and a tendinous projection that enters the (blank) region passing through the (blank) foramen inferior to the (blank) muscle. Together, these three muscles insert on the (blank) crest and act to (blank) rotate the (blank) joint.

  7. There are five short lateral rotators in the gluteal region. In order, from superior to inferior, these are the (blank), (blank), (blank), (blank), and (blank) muscles.

  8. Three nerves enter the gluteal region crossing the anterior/inferior surface of the (blank) muscle and the posterior/superior surface of the (blank) muscle and/or the (blank) ligament and/or the (blank) spine. From medial to lateral these nerves are the (blank), (blank), and (blank) nerves. The two most medial of these nerves leave the gluteal region by way of the (blank) foramen to enter the (blank) fossa whereas the most lateral of these three nerves courses inferiorly to enter the posterior (blank) as the nerve crosses anterior to the (blank) fold.

  9. A probe passed from the superficial gluteal region to a deeper location about 1/4" anterior to the interval between the inferior gemellus and the quadratus femoris. The tip of the probe is in contact with the (blank) muscle and branches of the (blank) artery.

  10. What is the difference between a dermatome and a peripheral nerve distribution. You will understand this difference when you know why a sensory deficit that maps a dermatome indicates a nerve lesion proximal to a nerve plexus whereas a sensory deficit that maps a peripheral nerve distribution indicates a lesion distal to a nerve plexus. In the former case the lesion might be caused by a herniated disk compressing a spinal nerve whereas in the latter case the lesion might be caused by entrapment compressing a peripheral nerve (e.g., lateral femoral nerve entrapment at the inguinal ligament).

  11. Arterial supply to the superior aspect of the sciatic nerve is provided by the (blank) artery, a branch of the (blank) artery. See Hollinshead Fig. 17-12. Be prepared to know the arterial supply to the middle and inferior portions of the sciatic nerve. See Grant's Atlas.
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