Human Gross Anatomy - Review Questions for Lower Limb and Thorax

Day 8 - Thoracic and Pleural Cavities

[ SBMP ] [ 01 ] [ 02 ] [ 03 ] [ 04 ] [ 05 ] [ 06 ] [ 07 ] [ 08 ] [ 09 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ]
  1. The internal thoracic arteries branch from the (blank) arteries. The left of these arteries is a branch of the (blank) artery whereas the right of these arteries is a branch of the (blank) artery. There is a conditional known as coarctation of the aorta. The aorta becomes occluded at a location distal to the parent arteries of the internal thoracic arteries and proximal to the branching of the posterior intercostal arteries. Thus, there is blood flow in the normal direction within the internal thoracic arteries. Despite near total occlusion of the aorta proximal to the branching of the posterior intercostals from the descending aorta, the descending aorta fills with blood and there is blood flow to the entire body. Explain the pattern of blood flow in the case of coarctation of the aorta. Where is the normal direction of flow reversed? Where is blood pressure apt to be elevated and where is it apt to be lowered? What radiographic findings are expected? What might you hear, to your initialize surprise, when attempting to listen to he heart with a stethoscope?

  2. The heart position causes the left anterior costomediastinal pleural reflection to deviate to the left side. This provides the opportunity to perform pericardiocentesis without entering either pleural cavity. Thus, a needle is passed through the fatty contents of the (blank) ligament. Provide a brief account of the procedure.

  3. A pleural tap of the costodiaphragmatic recess requires that a needle through the (blank) intercostal space at the (blank) line. The fascial barriers penetrated are: 1) skin, 2) (blank), 3) investing fascia, 4) (blank), 5) (blank), 6) (blank), 7) endothoracic fascia, 8) (blank), 9) (blank), 10) pleural cavity. If the needle continued through the pleural cavity on the right side the next fascial barrier would be: 11) visceral layer of (blank), 12) blank, 13) (blank), 14) diaphragm.

  4. The intercostobrachial nerve is derived from the (blank) cutaneous branch of the (blank) ramus of the (blank) spinal nerve. The left intercostobrachial nerve is of great clinical importance. Be prepared to briefly discuss "referred pain" along the distribution of the left intercostobrachial nerve.

  5. The cutaneous innervation of the skin overlying the xiphoid process is provided by the medial branch of the (blank) cutaneous nerve derived from the (blank) intercostal nerve. The vertebral projection of the xiphoid process projects to the (blank) thoracic vertebrae. The (blank) rib articulates at the xiphisternal junction.

  6. The internal thoracic vessels are secured to the posterior surface of the anterior thoracic wall. These vessels lie immediately posterior (deep) to the (blank) muscles and immediately anterior (superficial) to the (blank) muscles. Are the internal thoracic vessels within the same neurovascular plane as the intercostal vessels? Explain?

  7. The innermost intercostal fascial plane has been described as representing three muscles. The (blank) muscles anterior; the (blank) muscles are intermediate (mid-axillary); the (blank) muscles are posterior.
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The Structural Basis of Medical Practice - Human Gross Anatomy
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