Human Gross Anatomy - Review Questions for Lower Limb and Thorax

Day 9 - Lungs, Anterior and Middle Mediastinum

[ SBMP ] [ 01 ] [ 02 ] [ 03 ] [ 04 ] [ 05 ] [ 06 ] [ 07 ] [ 08 ] [ 09 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ]
  1. The anterior and posterior lamina of the pulmonary ligament (a visceral ligament) diverge superiorly near the (blank) of the lung. At this location the anterior and posterior lamina of the pulmonary ligament reliably embrace a (blank). This relation can be used to unequivocably identify a (blank) and, thus, judge differences in wall thicknesses between (blank) and (blank). In general, structures easily observed at the root of the lung from anterior to posterior, are the (blank), (blank), and (blank).

  2. The left phrenic nerve enters the thoracic inlet crossing the anterior surface of the (blank) artery and the posterior surface of the (blank) vein (Grants 1.44). The phrenic nerve descends through the (blank) fascia of the (blank) mediastinum passing (blank) to the root of the lung. As the phrenic nerve travels along the mediastinum the fascia immediately medial to it is the (blank) fascia and the fascia immediately lateral to it is the (blank) fascia.

  3. The costotransversal joints have (blank) shaped articulations at the transverse process for the upper 7 ribs. These articulations allow upward (blank) at the neck of the rib during (blank). The costotransverse joints have (blank) shaped articulations at the transverse process for the lower 5 ribs. These articulations allow outward (blank) at the neck of the rib during (blank).

  4. Visible impessions of the left lung include the (blank) of the aorta whereas visible impessions of the right lung includes (blank) of the azygos vein.

  5. It can be argued that the poor esophagus is "bullied" about through out its course through the thorax. The (blank) of the trachea at the (blank) of the (blank) lung is said to force the esophagus to a (blank) position and possibly restrict the flow of contents. The aorta is said to force the esophagus to remain to the (blank) of the midline of the anterior vertebral bodies and thus, deny the esophagus any social interactions with the (blank) lung. Nearing the inferior aspect of the thorax the esophagus, fed up with being pushed around, deviates to the left and leaves a positive impression on its new found friend -- the (blank) lung.
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