PA704 Anatomy Module Summer Session 2020

Sessions meet on Tuesday afternoons from 3 to 5 (1500 - 1700 hours)

Introduction

  • The PA704 Anatomy Module has two primary goals. The first is to provide background information for the Fall Anatomy course. The second is to provide information relevant to PA704 course content - cardiology, pulmonology, and gastroenterology. These sessions will provide information about general anatomical concepts that apply to all regions of anatomy. Familiarity with these concepts will prepare PA students for interacting with teaching faculty during the Fall Anatomy course. Beginning with the first day of laboratory dissection there will be clinical, graduate, and basic science teaching staff available to assist our understanding. The 704 anatomy module will provide examples of terminology and concepts that will facilitate communication.
  • Gross anatomy often limits study of the nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. The Summer sessions will provide the opportunity to discuss both the central and peripheral nervous system. Discussion of the nervous system will include nervous pathways relevant to cardiology, pulmonology, and gastroenterology. In accord with the content of PA704, there will be an emphasis on the autonomic nervous system pathways that supply to the thorax and abdomen. Additionally, information will be provided regarding the development of the nervous system.
  • During the Fall anatomy course, Dr. Goldenberg and other faculty will present clinical cases that are based on embryology and development - non-migrating thyroid tissue, thyroglossal duct cysts, parathyroid migration, non-recurrent laryngeal nerves, descent of the heart, great vessel variations, and more. Dr. Bollard provides clinical cases reflecting perturbations of development pertaining to the thorax (hernias), abdomen (Hirschsprung's), and pelvis. These Summer anatomy sessions will integrate embryology and development into clinical anatomy. A background in embryology and development will prepare students to more fully benefit from interactions with our clinical faculty during the Fall gross anatomy course.
  • These sessions will also provide overviews of anatomical concepts that will further prepare us for the Fall semester. Examples of general concepts include potential and filled spaces (joint effusion, cardiac tamponade, spread of infection), fascial planes (spread of infection), venous communications (spread of infection), anatomical position and terminology, types of joints (synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous, condyloid, plane, hinge, etc), collateral circulations, end arteries, and more.

Format

  • Sessions will commence with an interactive "lecture." Sessions will conclude with interactive problem solving. Further, teaching faculty will write real-time formative questions during each session. These questions will be posted to a message board for further discussion by PA students and teaching staff. Daily posting of formative questions for open discussion will continue into the Fall anatomy course.

Grading

  • There will be no formal assessment for the content of this anatomy module. Nonetheless, the content of these sessions will be relevant to the Fall Anatomy 701/702/703 course. Additionally, the content of these sessions may provide background information relevant to PA704 examinations.

Session 1A. Introduction and Orientation (Teaching Staff) - May 26, 2020 3-4PM - Virtual 1500-1700 hrs

  • Comments by Dr. Evey
    • "Zoomed" sessions will be live - Dr. Evey
      • Note taking is encouraged.
      • I will be taking notes and writing formative questions in real time for each session. My notes and questions will be available to you on a message board for further discussion.
      • Further, your notes and questions can be shared on this message board for discussion with teaching staff and classmates.
      • PowerPoint presentations may, or may not, be made available on CANVAS depending on the preference of the presenter. Dr. Evey will not be making PowerPoint presentations available simply because he does not use PowerPoint.
    • Attendance (optional)
      • We are aware of the heavy demands placed upon you by coursework.
      • You may need to make tough decisions about survival.
    • Grading
      • Content provided by us during the Summer session may not be assessed until the Fall semester.
      • Nonetheless, we believe that your participation will prepare you for the Fall semester.
      • Sessions will emphasize overlap of anatomical information with the content of PA704 Medicine I.
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Session 1B. Introduction to Anatomy (Chris Bruce) - May 26, 2020 4 - 5PM - Virtual 1500-1600 hrs

  • Subheading
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Session 2A. Anatomical Terminology (Dave Rasicci) - June 2, 2020 3 - 4PM - Virtual 1500-1600 hrs

  • Course Overview
    • Collective Teaching Philosophy (Dr. Evey & TAs)
    • Summer vs. Fall Anatomy
    • Resources (Textbook, Dissector, Atlases, Harrell Library, etc.)
  • Introduction to Anatomy (General Concepts)
    • Anatomy as a Language
    • Fascial Organization
    • Musculoskeleletal System (Sites of Attachment, Joints, and Movement)
    • Circulatory System (CV + Lymphatic Systems)
    • Nervous System with emphasis on Spinal Nerves
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Session 2B. Fascia (Dr. Evey) - June 2, 2020 4 - 5PM - Virtual 1600-1700 hrs

  • Clinical significance
    • Spread of infection - Scalp (laceration and intracranial infection), cervical fascia (molar abscess and Ludwig's Angina), ischiorectal fossa (shaving and Fournier’s gangrene)
    • Potential spaces - Bursa (trochanteric bursitis), synovial joint cavities (joint effusion), pleural cavities (pneumothorax), pericardial cavity (cardiac tamponade), peritoneal cavity (peritonitis)
    • Filled spaces - compartment syndromes (anterior compartment syndrome and fasciotomy)
    • Suturing
  • Example Drawings

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Session 3A/3B. Introcution to Embryology (Natalie Yoshioka) / Pharyngeal Arch Development (Natalie Yoshioka) - June 9, 2020 - Virtual 1500-1700 hrs

  • Brief introduction to embryology
    • Trilaminar disc and differentiation
  • Components of the arches: cartilage, vasculature, innervation, and muscles
    • Development of nervous tissues with emphasis on cranial nerves
    • Descent of the heart, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus
  • Facial Appatarus - oral and nasal cavity development
  • Clinical significance - thymus, thyroid, recurrent laryngeal nerves, cardiac nerves, failures of parathyroid migration, cleft palate
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Session 4A/4B. Gross Anatomy of the spinal cord (Anna Ricci) / Somatotopic organization of the spinal cord (Anna Ricci) - June 16, 2020 - Virtual 1500-1700 hrs

  • Introduction to the spinal cord and spinal nerves
    • Gross anatomy and internal anatomy of the spinal cord
    • Sensory and motor pathways in spinal nerves
  • Somatotopic organization of the spinal cord
    • Gray matter and neuronal cell bodies
    • White matter and ascending and descending tracts
  • Vasculature of the spinal cord
    • Clinical implications
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Session 5A: External Heart with an Emphasis on Coronary Arteries and Infarction (Luke Urbanik) - June 23, 2020 - Virtual 1500-1600 hrs

  • Introduction to the mediastinum
    • Superior mediastinum; great vessels
    • Middle mediastinum; pericardial sac
  • Pericardial layers
    • Pericardial cavity; cardiac tamponade
    • Venous mesocardium; pericardial sinuses
  • Surface of the heart
    • Borders
    • Vasculature; coronary arteries and cardiac veins
    • Myocardial infarctions
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Session 5B: Chambers of the Heart with an emphasis on Valves (Greg Kincheloe) - June 23, 2020 - Virtual 1600-1700 hrs

  • Chambers of the heart
    • SA Node
    • Foramen ovale
    • Triangle of Koch
  • Valves
    • Fibrous skeleton
    • Heart sounds and murmurs
    • Areas of auscultation
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Session 6: Fascial Planes with Emphasis on Breast Metastasis along Lymphatic Channels and Compromise of Fascial Barriers (Claire Werner) - June 30, 2020 - Virtual 1500-1700 hrs

  • Subheading
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Session 7a: Cardiac Embryology with Emphasis on Septal Defects (Dave Rasicci) - July 14, 2020 - Virtual 1500-1600 hrs

  • Formation of Heart Tube
  • Events of Cardiac Looping
  • Four Major Septation Events
    • Atrioventricular, Interventricular, Interatrial, Aorticopulmonary/Spiral
  • Transition from Fetal to Postnatal Blood Flow
  • Conduction System
  • Congenital Heart Defects
    • Tetralogy of Fallot
    • Septal and Valvular Defects
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Session 7B: Potential Spaces with an Emphasis on the Pericardial and Pleural Cavities (Jackson Radler) - July 14, 2020 - Virtual 1600-1700 hrs

  • Subheading
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Session 8A: Overview of Synovial Joints (Luke Urbanik) - July 21, 2020, Lecture Room A 1500-1600 hrs

  • Characteristics of a synovial joint
    • Synovial membrane, articular cartilage
  • Important concepts
    • Hilton's Law, periarticular anastomoses
    • Intracapsular but extrasynovial
  • Types of Joints
    • Movements, ligaments, osteology
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Session 8B: Movements of Respiration (Greg Kincheloe) - July 21, 2020, Lecture Room A 1600-1700 hrs

  • Physiology
  • Bony Features
  • Pump-handle and bucket-handle
  • Diaphragm and musculature
  • Functional reversal of origin and insertion
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Session 9A/B: Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems: Thoracic Viscera and Thoracic Wall (Darren Mehay) - July 28, 2020 Lecture Room B 1500-1700 hrs

  • Pleurisy
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Session 10A: Development of Alimentary Canal and Peritoneal Cavity - Foregut (Rachelle Saint-Fort) - August 4, 2020 Lecture Room B 1500-1600 hrs

  • Brief Overview of Abdominal Viscera
  • Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut Development with Emphasis on Blood Supply and Anastomoses
  • Intraperitoneal versus retroperitoneal
  • Secondary retroperitoneal
  • Greater and lesser sacs
  • Peritonitis

Session 10B: Development of Alimentary Canal and Peritoneal Cavity - Midgut and Hindgut (Anna Ricci) - August 4, 2020 Lecture Room B 1600-1700 hrs

  • Keywords
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Session 11A: Neural Control of Abdominal Viscera (Jackson Radler) - August 11, 2020 Lecture Room A 1500-1600 hrs

  • Review SNS & PNS
  • Thoracic & Lumbar Splanchnic nerves
  • CNX
  • GI activity, movements
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Referred Pain
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Session 11B: Subinguinal Region (Dr. Evey) - August 11, 2020 Lecture Room A 1600-1700 hrs

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Comments

 
  • I, Rachelle can take Session 12: Development of the Alimentary Canal and Vasculature of the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut (TBD) - August 11, 2020 (I understand that Darren has material on this lecture, but I am willing to take this lecture to allow him ample time to study for Comps. -- Main.RachelleSaintfort - 26 May 2020
  • Dr. Evey,

Here's a list of embryology lectures that our cohort has done in the medical curriculum:

Cardiac Embryo (Dave) Embryo of Foregut and Accessory Organs (Dave) Embryo of Midgut and Hindgut (Anna) Renal Embryo (Anna) Pharyngeal Arches (Natalie)

In addition, Anna, Natalie, and Dave are working on an introductory embryology lecture for the MS1s in August that focuses on fertilization, gastrulation, germ layers, lateral vs. cephalo-caudal folding, and other major embryo principles.

Also, here's a list of adult anatomy lectures that our cohort has given between the PA and medical curricula that pertain to summer topics in PAS 704:

Thoracic Wall and Intercostal Spaces (Natalie) Lungs and Ventilation (Dave) Superior Mediastinum, Great Vessels, External Heart (Claire) Middle Mediastinum, Internal Heart (Mary) Posterior Mediastinum and Autonomics (Darren) Anterior Abdominal Wall (Darren) Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut, Celiac Trunk, Stomach, Liver (Natalie) Peritoneum and Visceral Ligaments (Dave) GI Autonomics (Claire)

....

I may be missing one or two, but I think this is close to exhaustive for our cohort. This is just a quick reference for you to see what's been done to get some ideas for the sessions outlined above. Should this proposal pan out, hopefully the first-years can become quite involved in building and delivering some of this foundational content for the P1s.

Best,

Sarah -- Main.SarahBellum - 22 May 2020

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-- LorenEvey - 21 May 2020

Topic revision: r43 - 19 Aug 2020, NatalieYoshioka
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