Questions for the Abdominal Cavity and Development

True/False - August 29, 2011

1. The lesser omentum is a visceral ligament that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the spleen.
2. In the male, under non-pathological conditions, the peritoneal cavity is empty except for a film of serous fluid.
3. In the female, except under non-pathological conditions, the peritoneal cavity has an episodic content.
4. Intraperitoneal structures are located inside the peritoneal cavity.
5. The transverse colon is intraperitoneal.
6. The lesser sac and the greater sac are partitions of the abdominal cavity defined by the walls of transversalis fascia.
7. Intraperitoneal structures, by definition, have less than 2/3 of their surface area covered by parietal peritoneum.
8. The alimentary canal, at its most distal extent, begins with the mouth.
9. A swelling of the alimentary canal becomes the stomach and a diverticulum of the alimentary canal becomes the spleen.
10. The axis of rotation of the gut tube during development is around the superior mesenteric artery.
11. Reflections of peritoneum at the lesser curvature of the stomach are from the ventral mesentery.
12. The foregut includes the esophagus, stomach, and part of the duodenum.
13. The artery of the midgut is the inferior mesenteric artery.
14. The transverse colon marks a transition from foregut to midgut.
15. The left colic flexure belongs to the hindgut.
16. The proximal 2/3 of the rectum is derived from the midgut.
17. The transversalis fascia and the extraperitoneal connective tissue are components of endocavital fascia within the abdominal cavity.
18. The greater omentum fuses with the transverse mesocolon to form the lesser omentum.
19. The free edge of the facliform ligament marks the most distal persistence of the ventral mesentery.
20. The epiploic foramen provides a communication between the abdominal cavity and the peritoneal cavity.
21. The tail of the pancreas may extend into the gastroleinal ligament.
22. The hepatogastric ligament plus the hepatoduodenal ligament equals the falciform ligament.
23. Intraperitoneal structures receive their vascular and neural supply by way of visceral ligaments and mesentery.
24. Much of the head of the pancreas developed in ventral mesentery.
25. The pancreatic incisor takes a bite out of the superior mesenteric artery.
26. The part of the chief pancreatic duct, at the joining with the common bile duct, developed within the dorsal mesentery.
27. A deficit of parasympathetic ganglia within the gut wall leads to a region incapable of peristalsis.

True/False - August 30, 2010

1. The greater omentum, derived from the dorsal mesentery, is positioned anteriorly in the abdominal cavity.
2. The greater omentum lies anterior to the transverse colon.
3. The duodenum crosses the posterior surface of the colon.
4. Intraperitoneal structures defined by having 3/4 of their surface peritonealized, are not within the peritoneal cavity.
5. Intraperitoneal structures defined by having 3/4 of their surface peritonealized, are not within the abdominal cavity.
6. The celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries form anastomoses at the transition from the foregut to the midgut and from midgut to hindgut.
7. The right half of the transverse colon is derived from the hindgut.
8. The ascending colon is derived from the hindgut whereas the descending colon is derived from the hindgut.
9. The greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves synapse on postganglionic cell bodies located, respectively, in the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric paraaortic ganglia.
10. At 5 weeks of development there is a 90 degree counterclockwise (AP view) rotation of the alimentary canal around the superior mesenteric artery.
11. At 10 weeks of fetal development the herniated alimentary canal returns to the abdominal cavity and completes a 270 degree counterclockwise rotation around the inferior mesenteric artery.
12. The stomach undergoes a 90 degree clockwise rotation so that the original left surface faces anterior.
13. Vagal fibers of the esophageal plexus that were predominately from the left vagus nerve combine to the form the anterior vagus nerve.
14. The pancreas, except possibly for the tail, is retroperitoneal.
15. The greater omentum contributes to the lower recess of the omental bursa.
16. The greater omentum folds "back on itself" resulting in four layers of peritoneum that define the omental bursa.
17. The posterior two layers of the greater omentum fuse with the transverse mesocolon.
18. The lesser curvature of the stomach has reflections of original ventral mesentery.
19. The greater curvature of the stomach has reflections of original dorsal mesentery.
20. The falciform ligament is derived from ventral mesentery.
21. Both the spleen and pancreas develop within ventral mesentery.
22. The tail of the pancreas together with the splenic artery, may become intraperitoneal within the lienorenal ligament.
23. The omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac) contains the lesser omentum.
24. The epiploic foramen (of Winslow) provides the sole communication between the upper and lower recesses of the omental bursa.
25. The left paracolic gutter provides a route to the hepatorenal recess.
26. The epiploic foramen provides a communication between the greater sac and the hepatorenal recess.
27. The parasympathetic nervous system mediates peristalsis of the alimentary canal.

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